Introduction

Introdução

The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past and continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last hour). The exact time is not important.

O tempo present perfect se refere a uma ação ou estado que ocorreu em um tempo indefinido no passado (por exemplo, we have talking before ("nós conversamos antes")) ou começou no passado e continuou até o tempo presente (por exemplo, he has grown impacient over the last hour ("ele ficou impaciente na última hora")). O tempo exato não é importante.

We use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Usamos o presente perfeito com expressões inespecíficas como: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

• She has never been to the States.
• I have always wanted to study German.
• He has arrived early lately.

Ela nunca foi aos Estados Unidos.
Eu sempre quis estudar alemão.
Ele tem chegado cedo ultimamente.

NOTE: You CANNOT use the present perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. In this case, we use Simple Past.

OBSERVAÇÃO: Você NÃO PODE usar o presente perfeito com expressões de tempo específicas, como: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. Nesse caso, usamos o Simple Past.

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Forming

Formando

The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements: the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb.

O presente perfeito de qualquer verbo é composto de dois elementos: a forma apropriada do verbo auxiliar to have (presente), mais o particípio passado do verbo principal.

The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed.

O particípio passado de um verbo regular é base+ed.

• played
• arrived
• looked…

And the irregular verbs

E os verbos irregulares

• do => did => done
• drive => drove => driven
• teach => taught => taught

For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs in the section called ‘Verbs‘.

Para verbos irregulares, veja a Tabela de verbos irregulares na seção chamada 'Verbos'.

Affirmative

Afirmativo

Subject + have/has + V(past participle)

Sujeito + have/has + V(particípio passado)

• She has visited.
• They‘ve been married for nearly fifty years.
• She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

Ela visitou.
Eles estão casados ​​há quase cinquenta anos.
Ela morou em Liverpool a vida toda.

Negative

Negativo

Subject + have/has + not + V(past participle)

Sujeito + have/has + not + V (particípio passado)